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Based on Lenny's Podcast data
Lenny's Knowledge Sketch · Design & AI Leadership

Managing People → Managing AI

Julie Zhuo
Former VP Design, Meta (Facebook)
Founder, Sundial · Author, Making of a Manager
AI ERA
The Willow Tree

Be Sturdy While Being Flexible

STURDY roots deep FLEXIBLE bends in storms
"It's always been management's job to manage change. I just think the rate of change is accelerating."
  • Management = north star + figuring out which resources get you there
  • It used to be people. Now it's also models.
  • Rate of change accelerating → sturdy roots matter more than ever
The Builder Role

Dissolve Role Boundaries — We're All Builders Now

Why Julie isn't hiring PMs At Sundial, engineers prototype and do analysis. Designers do some engineering. "Product science" people blend data, customer success, and product work. The old boundaries are gone.
"I'd love for us to get to the world where everyone's title is 'Builder'. We need to dissolve the boundaries of these traditional roles."
  • AI lets one person do 10 jobs — the specialist era is ending
  • Assembling the "Avengers" = matching the right model/tool to each task, like a manager matches people to problems
  • Google letting go of middle managers = flattening + IC renaissance
  • Management is still critical — but the people you manage now include AI agents
The meta-skill Learning to manage AI well uses the exact same muscles as learning to manage people well: clarity, feedback, knowing what good looks like.
Data × Design

Diagnose with Data. Treat with Design.

DATA = DIAGNOSIS DESIGN = TREATMENT GREAT PRODUCT
"Data is not a tool that's going to tell you what you should build. It tells you what's wrong. Design tells you how to fix it."
  • Most fast-growing AI companies are NOT using data well — they're running on good instincts and good vibes
  • Legacy companies had years to build logging, growth teams, data infrastructure — AI startups grow before that's in place
  • What happens: eventually things stop growing. Then you need data. And you don't have it.
  • The fix: instrument early, build observability before you need it
AI as Teacher

AI Accelerates Learning — Not Just Doing

  • Use AI to personalize learning: "Explain like I'm 5. Give me analogies." — each person learns differently
  • Test your understanding by explaining back: "Does this mean X?" — AI gives immediate critique
  • Engineers at Sundial learning data analysis in 30 min sessions vs. weeks of courses
  • Just-in-time learning > curriculum-based — learn exactly what you need, when you need it
The underrated use case We use AI to go faster. We forget to use AI to get better. Learning acceleration might be the highest-ROI use case nobody's talking about.
Contrarian

Leadership & AI Myths Worth Challenging

Management is becoming less important INSTEAD → Management is more important — now you're managing humans AND AI models. The skill set is identical: clarity, feedback, knowing good work.
Fast-growing AI companies are data-driven INSTEAD → Most are running on instinct and vibes. They grew too fast to instrument. The data reckoning is coming when growth plateaus.
Hire a PM to drive product INSTEAD → In a small AI company, PM is a role everyone plays. Hire builders who can diagnose with data, treat with design, and ship independently.
Data tells you what to build INSTEAD → Data tells you what's broken. Intuition + design tells you how to fix it. Conflating diagnosis with treatment leads to bad product decisions.
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